Friday 20 April 2018

Problems with French nuclear plant could spell final end of Hinkley C project


This week's story about problems with pipe welding at the French nuclear plant being built at Flamanville could spell the end for the Hinkley C nuclear project. Treasury backed loan guarantees to build Hinkley C have been linked to a target date for commissioning of the Flamanville plant of the end of 2020. Yet the current target date of completion by the end of 2019 has been thrown in doubt by the freshly announced problems.

The main focus of attention of this problem for Hinkley has simply been that the design of the Flamanville plant - the European Pressurised Reactor (EPR) - is the same as that to be built at Hinkley C and that the engineering problems bode ill for the British scheme (1). That is right, but it is rather worse than this. The commercial issue is that if the French plant is not commercially operating by the end of 2020 then it seems the Treasury will not be able to give loan guarantees for the scheme. According to the analyst Professor Steve Thomas, the rules agreed between the European Commission and the British Government stipulate that ''until Flamanville 3 was in commercial service, there would be a cap on the guaranteed loans effectively meaning funding would be primarily through equity' (2)

It is very difficult to see how EDF could build the plant without the Treasury loan guarantee - something like £17 billion (probably more) would be needed as a loan. EDF just won't have the ability to raise anything like £17 billion on the bond markets. Indeed the decision to go ahead with preliminary works on the site (building a jetty and a cement works) alone, without the loan guarantee being in place, was regarded as so risky that the firm's Finance Officer resigned in protest at the decision. But EDF will not start building the main parts of the power station until it has the necessary finance. Even if all went well (what are the chances of this?) the Hinkley C project would not be up and running until 2027. But if the Treasury does not give loan sanction, and the contract seems to say that Flamanville has to be running by the end of 2020 for this to happen, then the project will not be built. - Unless the whole thing is re-negotiated of course, which would seem very difficult to achieve.

Construction of the Flamanville EPR began in 2007.

It may be that a failure to complete Flamanville by the end of 2020 will give anti-Hinkley officials some relief as they will be very worried that the offer of loan guarantees will turn into a black hole. Otherwise, given the experience of building nuclear power stations, including (especially) EPR projects, it seems highly likely that the Government would have to pay the bill through the loan guarantee agreements. The notion that the 'risk' of the project lies with EDF as opposed to the British  Government is very likely to be proved wrong. Some of us have known this since the start. Others have just been kidding themselves.

References


(1) Vaughn, A., (2018) 'EDF warns of faults at nuclear power station it is building in France', Gaurdian, April 10th,  https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/apr/10/edf-warns-of-faults-at-nuclear-power-station-it-is-building-in-france
(2) Thomas, S (2016) 'The Hinkley Point decision: An analysis of the policy process' Energy Policy Vol 96 pp 421–431, page 427

3 comments:

  1. Conflating the problems at Flamanville with improbable delays at Hinkley [learning-curver and all that] smacks of being anti-nuclear for the sake of it. {Pointing out the,at least, 2 year Fukushima hiatus for all npps in build and the imminent commissioning of Taishan 1 would have shown more balance: http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Fuel-loading-under-way-at-Chinese-EPR-1104184.html

    Arguing that the UK's 'New Nuclear' programme is uneconomic compared to renewables is abject nonsense, for the simple reason that the 'best' of renewables - wind power - uses 20X more metals and 10X more concrete per MWh generated than does nuclear power.

    It would take 970 of the very latest and 'best' 9.5 MW offshore wind turbines to generate 7% of the UK's electricity demand every year - albeit of the grid-degrading, intermittent variety. With a [hoped for] lifespan of 25 years, the capital cost would be £17,460 million.

    Hinkley, on the other hand, will generate grid-friendly, 24/7 electricity, at a capital cost of £18,000 million - but for the 60 years of its design life, with a high probability of a life extension to 80, or even 100 years.

    So that 9,215 MW of offshore wind turbines would have to be built a 2nd time and be 10 years into the 3rd build before 60 years of intermittent electricity was generated. That's a factor of X 2.4, a total of 22,116 MW and tots up to a capital cost of £41,904 million - 2.3X more than the capital cost of Hinkley.

    Appealing to true environmentalists out there: wasting valuable investment capital on renewables needs to be considered alongside the unnecessary use of essential metal, concrete and other resources. A need to think about the wasted oil, coal, gas and manpower going into mining, quarrying, transport, smelting, manufacturer and installation those metals and the CO2 released in the cement manufacture for the concrete. Add on top of this, the environmental, ecosystem and species destruction that accompanies all of these unnecessary steps along the way to delivering a quite pathetic product - intermittent electricity.

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    1. So I guess all this explains why, since 2000, the UK share of electricity from renewables has gone up from 3% to 30 per cent - while the share of nuclear power has fallen and doesn't seem likely to increase at least for many years to come?

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  2. Dr T
    Glad for your brief reply to Adam A.
    Turns of phrase like 'abject nonsense' and 'pathetic product' ring odd bells for me.
    'Nuclear' is full of surmises, but it seems true enough that its capital costs have been increasing while those of renewables have decreased, does it not?

    The Chief Engineer who rescued I think Dungeness construction back in the day said if I remember. it was like watch making on a vast scale in the open air. And delays at Flamanville seem to bear that out to this day.

    As I say, full of surmises. I find use of terms 'MWh' without reference to time-scales pretty meaningless. and concepts of comparative 'lifetimes' contain all sorts of surmises. I know some of us wonder about future economic and physical capability to cope with nuclear structures more than 5 decades down the line. Sellafield still hangs over us.

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